Npmp, nscf, box 1174, 1973 middle east war 10 october 1973 file no. Origins and consequences cambridge university press pp. But hed already served as a commander in israels elite commando unit the sayeret matkal. The logistical shortcomings and successes that emerge help explain why egyptian and israeli military organizations fought as well or as poorly as they did. Npmp, national security council files hereinafter nscf, box 1173, 1973 war middle east 6 oct. President nixon and the role of intelligence in the 1973 arabisraeli war. I quickly found that the nominal ground scale produced games featuring what were effectively frontal assaults.
President nixon and the role of intelligence in the 1973 arab. In any event, a major transition in the middle east came on 28 september 1970, when president nasser died. Aug 28, 2018 we are continuing our series of animated historical videos on the modern wars with the sixday war of 1967, also known as the third arabisraeli war during which israel fought the alliance of. Timeless lessons from the october 1973 arabisraeli war. This one page reading plus one page of questions chronicles the messy history of arab israeli conflicts. The influence of religious belief on foreign policy this thesis seeks to analyze the motives that correlate to nations choices to defend one side to the exclusion of the other side in the arabisraeli conflict. Egyptian president anwar sadat once called it the last war. Egyptian casualties are not really known yom kippur war key battles.
Sadat lead egyptian troops into war with israel on 6 october 1973 in an attempt to lower israeli moral and aid in territory negotiations between the parties. The suez crisis occurred in 1956, the june, six day, war in 1967 and the october, yom kippur, war in 1973. Kissinger telephone conversation transcripts telcons. A howto guide in making of how to bring a look and feel similar to your favorite boardgame into cs. The conflict is essentially over now, as israel has become an isolationist police state while the arab nations effectively no longer exist, their territories devastated by the use of weapons of mass destruction gla bioweapons and chinese nukes. The focus is on the changing nature of soviet involvement in the arab israeli conflict and the pattern of u. The state of israel and its arab neighbors have fought regular wars several times, specifically in 1948, 1956, 1967 and 1973. In november 1971, washington reached a memorandum of understanding with israel, concerning military aid and coordination of policy. According to declassified documents from the agranat commission, brigadier general yisrael lior, prime minister golda meirs military secretaryattache. Arabisraeli war of 1973, armed conflict between israel and the arab countries of egypt and syria, fought during the month of october 1973. Air operations during the 1973 arabisraeli war and the. Shippensburg university shippensburg, pennsylvania on the morning of 6 october 1973, the inexperienced young reservists of the israel defense force idf stationed on the barlev line in the sinai peninsula received the order to mobilize in light of a possible egyptian assault.
Some deliberations on the october middle east war, december 11, 1973, history and public policy program digital archive, central state archive, sofia, fond 378b, file 866, papka 11. The arabisraeli wars arab league egypt, iraq, transjordan, lebanon, and syria vs. Map of the military movements and territorial changes during the sixday war. The impact of the yom kippiir war that erupted on october 6th, 1973, far outweighed its relatively short duration of twenty days of heavy fighting. On october 6, 1973, egypt and syria launched a surprise attack against israel on the jewish holiday of yom kippur. The arabisraeli wars, 19671973 international relations. Here we bring together its impact on israel and on the jewish communities in the arab countries.
By the 1973 yom kippur war egyptian and syrian armies some vehicles were equipped with, and using, infrared night fighting operationally. Backed by arms from the soviet union, egypt and syria made significant territorial gains in sinai and the golan heights. A guide to the arabisraeli conflict jewish virtual library. The war was initiated by egypt and syria on october 6, 1973, on the jewish holy day of yom kippur and during ramadan, the month of fasting in islam, and it continued until october 26. Here are entered works on the political and military conflicts between arabs and israel, including the question of national rights in the area of the former mandate for palestine beginning in 1948, and comprehensive works that include the earlier period. The yom kippur war, ramadan war, or october war hebrew.
Battles that were mammoth struggles for crossroads and passes and battles that were pinprick raids. In examining the role of the soviets in the october 1973 war, the author seeks to provide an understanding of soviet capabilities for dealing with an acute international crisis. The 1973 yom kippur war the final war in the series of israeliarab wars, illuminates the cold war hyperpolitical tensions between the united. Documents in pdf format require the adobe acrobat reader. Arab israeli war president nixon and the role of intelligence in the 1973 arabisraeli war this collection highlights the causes and consequences of us intelligence communitys ic failure to foresee the october 1973 arabisraeli war, also known as the october war or the yom kippur war. Pathfinder press, 1973, by dave frankel, dick roberts, and tony thomas multiple formats at six hundred days. Overview and analysis of the conflict introduction this study examines the military operations of the major combatantsegypt, syria, and israelduring the october 1973 middle east war. In the 1973 war, anwar sadat, egypts president, was able to exploit israeli vulnerabilities to achieve political success through a limited war. Yom kippur war, also called the october war, the ramadan war, or the fourth arab israeli war, damaging inconclusive war and the fourth of the arab israeli wars. These lessons from the 1973 arab israeli war linking military action to political goals, guarding against cognitive biases and, when appropriate, recognizing opportunities to improve ones own lot by acknowledging the interests of an adversaryare fundamental to the successful conduct of war and peace in any time and place. Israel a coalition of arab states led by egypt and. This war, or the third round in arab parlence, was the root cause of the 1973 war. It will be seen that many opec members were not arab states, and had no reason to wish to support the arab side in the arab israeli conflict.
The following topic searches each offer multiple online magazine articles that are accessible through. Mandate runs out, but the country is war weary and out of money. Arabisraeli wars, series of military conflicts between israeli and various arab forces, most notably in 194849, 1956, 1967, 1973, 1982, and 2006. Either of the two fronts the golan heights and the suez canal may be gamed separately, or both can be linked to simulate the course of the entire war. Most popular yom kippur war movies and tv shows imdb. Oct 28th, 1973 israeli and egyptian military leaders meet to implement the ceasefire at kilometer 101 marker in the sinai. The territory of israel before the war is colored royal blue on this map, while the territories captured by israel during the war are depicted in light blue. Israel has lost roughly 2,500 soldiers, syria 3,500. The 1973 conflict was called the yom kippur war and although it opened with a series of arab victories in the end the israelis managed to contain their opponents and then. Egypt and syria attacked israel, catching israel off guard. It was the first military meeting between the two countries in 25 years. Some time before, the israeli defense force head of intelligence summons several journalists for a debriefing in his press room. The 1973 conflict was called the yom kippur war and although it opened with a series of arab victories in the end the israelis managed to contain their opponents and then defeat them by counterattacking with their mobile forces. The arabisraeli wars war and peace in the middle east chaim herzog.
It is intended to uncover indications of future force developments and military performance in the area. In 1970s, the arab israeli conflict became more and more intertwined with the cold war. Minutes of prime minister meirs cabinet meeting, 7 october 1973, october 07, 1973, history and public policy program digital archive, israel state archives. Two years before the 1973 war, the british intelligence. It includes discussion of the 1948 conflict, the six day war 1967, the yom kippur war october 1973 and the intifadas of 1987 and 2000. The united states navy and israeli navy background, current issues, scenarios, and prospects. From box now you can refight the battles that determined the fate of nations. The 1967 arab israeli war transformed tiny israel into a regional superpower. Cold war east german pdf format 353k zip ppt 73k v1. The 1973 yom kippur war by uri barjoseph may 2009 introduction the yom kippur war is the most traumatic event in israels short, modern history. Zhukov s lightly more than three decades have passed since the united states and the soviet union confronted the most severe maritime crisis of the cold war. Arab israeli war, 1973 yom kippur israeli palestinian conflict middle east peace process for the israeli palestinian conflict six day war 1967.
The intelligence failure of the yom kippur war of 1973. Foreign relations of the united states, 19691976, volume xxv, arabisraeli crisis and war, 1973. Israeli vehicles did not however add ir equipment to their tanks until after the 1973 war. Legacy of 1973 arab israeli war reverberates 40 years on. Israel still has peace treaties with only two arab states, egypt and jordan. Egypt and syria initiated the conflict to regain territories that israel had occupied since the sixday war of 1967.
October 6egypt and syria attack israeli positions on yom kippur, starting the 1973 arab israeli war. It forced the nixon administration to realize that arab frustration over israels unwillingness to withdraw from the territories it had occupied in 1967 could have major strategic consequences for the united states. In its three weeks of intense combat the world witnessed the devastating effects of small guided weapons on the large, swift, manned machines that had dominated the air and land for decades. The war also prompted the united states to undertake an unprecedented role in the. Home combat studies institute csi 1973 arabisraeli war. President nixon and the role of intelligence in the 1973 arabisraeli. This was both in games in the desert but also games set in cold war europe. August 23, 1973 in preparation for the yom kippur war, saudi king faisal and egyptian president anwar sadat meet in riyadh and secretly negotiate an accord whereby the arabs will use the oil weapon as part of the military conflict. While there was a ceasefire, and israel acquired sufficient land to make its borders more defensible, bitterness remained. The compiling of the october 1973 arabisraeli war by adam howard this past july, the office of the historian was proud to publish the foreign relations of the united states frus volume covering the u. First israel was managed by the british mandate, and later it was manipulated by the us and the su.
These include israels war of independence and the palestinian nakbah, the suez crisis, the sixday war, the yom kippur war, and two wars in lebanon. The cias assessment of the yom kippur war the state of israel and its arab neighbors have fought regular wars several times, specifically in 1948, 1956, 1967 and 1973. The yom kippur war the ramadan war the october war the fourth arab israeli war it was fought from. In the backstory for rise of the reds, the arabisraeli conflict got subsumed by the gla war. She did not preemptively strike the attacking arab forces to keep from appearing as the aggressor.
The author argues that if the pattern of sovietamerican relations in the middle east in earlier years is defined as detente, then the term also characterizes superpower interactions during october 1973. Ghorbal became a part of the egyptian delegation to the united nations in 1949. The soviet union strengthened its ties with nasserist egypt and baathist syria. The yom kippur war of 1973 the yom kippur war of 1973, one of the most decisive conventional wars in middle east history, is socalled because it began on the day of atonement yom kippur, the holiest day of prayer and fasting in the jewish calendar. During the weeks of danger preceding the sixday war, jewry throughout the world rallied to israels aid. The war began on the jewish day of repentance of yom kippur in 1973, and it happened during the muslim month of ramadan. The yom kippur war, ramadan war, or october war also known as the 1973 arabisraeli war. Arabisraeli conflict in cold war context 19481993 wallersteins capitalist world systems may apply conflict between native palestinians and israelis was characterized by the involvement of hegemonic powers.
Anwar alsadats grand strategy in the yom kippur war pdf. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. The egyptiansyrian attack that started in the midst of the jewish peoples holiest day of the year almost completely surprised the state of israel. This first volume presents the international efforts to resolve the conflict following the six day war, and israels response to them. United states middle east policy and united nations deliberations. While arab and israeli ground forces were sparring and regrouping, syrian and israeli air forces were engaged in battle and the israeli air force bombed the international airport at damascus. U the origins of the yorn kippur war of 1973 lie in the unsatisfactory resolution of the middle east war of 1967. Not all observers reckon this as a war, which accounts for the fact that some refer to the october war of 1973 as the fourth and others as the fifth arab israeli war. State department intelligence and research predicted 1973. On october 6, 1973, the yom kippur war broke out between israel and egypt syria. Fortyfive years since the october war in 1973, israel still occupies palestinian territories and syrian golan heights.
In october of 1973, egypt and syria launch a sneak attack on israel. Lessonlesson 2 the arabisraeli conflictthe arabisraeli. The modern roots of the arabisraeli conflict date back to the. But 40 years after sadat uttered those words, the arab israeli conflict has no end in sight. The research focuses on the division between the united states and the european union in the. The yom kippur war elizabeth stephens examines how thirtyfive years ago this month the surprise invasion of israel by egypt and its allies started the process that led to camp david. The yom kippur war is also known as the october war or the 1973 arab israeli war, was a war.
There are also telcons about the 1973 arab israeli war that are duplicated in both the dobrynin file and the chronological file. The yom kippur war october 1973 the war, which started on the holiest day in the jewish calendar, the day of atonement, was the fiercest arab israeli war since the 1948 war of independence. The superpowers in the arabisraeli conflict, 19701973 rand. Israeli pdf format 46k zip ppt 16k egyptian pdf format 285k zip ppt 77k syrian pdf format 394k zip ppt 65k cold war forces 1980s cold war. It forced the nixon administration to realize that arab frustration over. Sadat wants a war with israel to reclaim lost territory. Kissingers memo to nixon on the morning of the 1973 war. Khalidi, rashid 2012, the 1967 war and the demise of the arab nationalism. The arab israeli war of october 1973 was a significant benchmark in the development of modern warfare. The first volume of a planned threevolume study that is expected to cover core aspects of the arab israeli conflict between the end of the six day war and the beginning of the 1973 yom kippur war. Having first entered the egyptian diplomatic service in 1945, mr. Ashraf ghorbal egypt, 1925 2005 was a member of the egyptian team that conducted the arabisraeli peace negotiations following the 1973 yom kippur war. The 1973 arab israeli war, deluxe edition, represents an updated game treatment of the gdw release originally published in 1977, faithfully remastered and updated with this allnew, deluxe edition. On the afternoon of october 6, 1973, on yom kippur, the holiest day in the jewish calendar, the armies of egypt and syria launched major assaults against israeli positions along the suez canal and in the golan heights.
This study analyzes the problems that beset israel in the aftermath of its decisive victory in the six day war over the arabs. Within days, arab league declares war and invades israel. Victories that strike like lightning, if you can win themlike the victories of israeli arms in 1956 and 1967. There are duplicate copies of some of these kissingerdobrynin conversations in the chronological file and in the home file. Within a day, arab armies had seized the east bank of the canal and substantial territory in the heights, and had repelled.
The yom kippur war and the shaping of the united states. The roots of the fighting in 1973 lay in the sixday war of june 1967, when the israel defense forces idf trounced combined arab armies and took the golan heights from syria, the sinai peninsula from egypt, and east jerusalem from jordan. Other key figures on the israeli side we have prime minister golda meir. The yom kippur war also known as the ramadan war and the october war was a war between israel and a group of arab countries led by egypt and syria. Foreign relations of the united states, 19691976, volume xxv. Goldstein is an associate professor in the strategic research department of the naval war colleges centerfornavalwarfarestudies. When the fourth arab israeli war began on october 6, 1973, many of israels soldiers were away from their posts observing yom kippur or. The military forces of egypt, israel, jordan, and syria are yours to commandcan you lead them to. Maps of the 1973 arabisraeli war wikimedia commons. The cabinet papers the arabisraeli conflict the national archives. The arabs, stunned by a preemptive israeli attack, were humiliated in the ensuing battle.
The history of the arab israeli peace process by shibley telhami shilbley telhami is the anwar sadat professor for peace and development at the university of maryland, college park, and nonresident senior fellow at the brookings institution. Taking a look under the hood association of the united. A reappraisal of the arabisraeli confrontation since june, 1967 new york. Pdf historiography of the yom kippur war researchgate. In 1947 britain withdrew from its mandated territory in palestine. Known variously as the october war or the yom kippur war, this conflict lasted.
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